DHCP

DHCP 서비스 구축 및 운영

* DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol )

- 사용자가 인터넷을 하기 위한 IP Address , netmask ,
  gateway , DNS서버 등 설정을 모두 자동으로 구성해주는
  프로그램 / 기능
  
- IP Address Pool에서 클라이언트에게 IP Address를 
  임대 ( lease ) 해주며 , IPv4와 IPv6를 지원한다.
  
  +@ IP Address Pool : IP주소를 임대할 수 있는 임대 범위


! 서버 구축

Edit -> Virtual Network Editor -> VMnet8 -> DHCP 설정 제거 후 진행
( Use local DHCP Service ~~~ 체크 해제)

#setenforce 0
#service iptables stop

#yum install -y dhcp // 패키지 다운로드


#vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf // 주 설정파일 생성 및 편집
--------------------------------------------

subnet 100.100.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  // dhcp서버에 적용할 네트워크(같은 대역)
range 100.100.100.220 100.100.100.230;  // ip address pool ( 임대 범위 )
default-lease-time 10000;  // 기본 임대 시간 ( 초 )
max-lease-time 20000;  // 최대 임대 시간 ( 초 )

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  // 서브넷 마스크 
option broadcast-address 100.100.100.255;  // 브로드 캐스트 주소
option domain-name-servers 168.126.63.1 , 168.126.63.2;  // DNS서버 주소( 1차 , 2차 )
option routers 100.100.100.2;  // 게이트웨이 주소
}

:wq
--------------------------------------------

#service dhcpd start  // 설정파일에 오타가 있을 경우 failed


#chkconfig --list // chkconfig 확인
#chkconfig dhcpd on // 재부팅후에도 서비스 실행
#chkconfig --list // 2345 활성화 확인


#cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases  // IP 임대기록이 저장된 파일


@Client-Linux
#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
--------------------------------------------
BOOTPROTO=static -> dhcp로 변경

아이피 설정은 주석처리
#IPADDR
#NETMASK
#GATEWAY
#DNS1
#DNS2

:wq
--------------------------------------------

#service network restart
#ifconfig        // 임대받은 IP 확인


@root
#cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases  // 임대 정보 확인


@Client-Window
-> 우측 하단의 네트워크 아이콘 우클릭
-> 네트워크 및 공유센터 열기
-> 어댑터 설정 변경
-> 로컬영역 우클릭
-> 속성 -> IPv4
-> 자동으로 IP 설정 및 자동으로 DNS 설정

window키 + R -> cmd 
>ipconfig // 임대받은 아이피 확인

@root
#cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases  // 임대 정보 확인



* DHCP를 이용하여  특정 호스트에게 특정 IP 할당하기

( Server1 , Client-linux,Client-window 네트워크 설정이후로 스냅샷 )


@Client-Linux

#ifconfig 
Hwaddr 00:0C:29:6E:1B:67 // 맥주소 확인

@Client-Window
Window+R -> cmd

>ipconfig /all

이더넷 어댑터 로컬영역

물리적 주소 : 00-0C-29-6A-0A-B9



@Server-A

#setenforce 0
#service iptables stop

#yum install -y dhcp // 패키지 다운로드


#vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf // 주 설정파일 생성 및 편집
--------------------------------------------

subnet 100.100.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  // dhcp서버에 적용할 네트워크(같은 대역)
range 100.100.100.220 100.100.100.230;  // ip address pool ( 임대 범위 )
default-lease-time 10000;  // 기본 임대 시간 ( 초 )
max-lease-time 20000;  // 최대 임대 시간 ( 초 )

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  // 서브넷 마스크 
option broadcast-address 100.100.100.255;  // 브로드 캐스트 주소
option domain-name-servers 168.126.63.1 , 168.126.63.2;  // DNS서버 주소( 1차 , 2차 )
option routers 100.100.100.2;  // 게이트웨이 주소
}

host ClientLinux{
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6E:1B:67; // MAC주소
    fixed-address 100.100.100.77; // 고정할 IP주소
}
host ClientWindow{
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6A:0A:B9; // MAC주소
    fixed-address 100.100.100.99; // 고정할 IP주소
}


:wq
--------------------------------------------

#service dhcpd start  // 설정파일에 오타가 있을 경우 failed


#chkconfig --list // chkconfig 확인
#chkconfig dhcpd on // 재부팅후에도 서비스 실행
#chkconfig --list // 2345 활성화 확인



@dhcp 서버 연습

( 스냅샷 이후 진행 ) 

① 100.100.100.50 ~ 100.100.100.70번 대역으로 ip할당 (옵션제거)

   클라이언트 ping 100.100.100.100이 가능한지 확인 ( o )
   클라이언트 ping 8.8.8.8이 가능한지 확인         ( x )
   
   
@DHCPserver

#yum -y install dhcp
#vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
------------------------
subnet 100.100.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{ //dhcp서버에 적용할 네트워크

range 100.100.100.50 100.100.100.70; //IP주소 풀(범위)
default-lease-time 10000; // 기본 임대시간 (초)
max-lease-time 20000; // 최대 임대시간 (초)

}

:wq
------------------------

#service dhcpd start


@Client

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
--------------------------------------------
BOOTPROTO=static -> dhcp로 변경

아이피 설정은 주석처리
#IPADDR
#NETMASK
#GATEWAY
#DNS1
#DNS2

:wq
--------------------------------------------
#service network restart
#ifconfig
#ping 100.100.100.100 (o)
#ping 8.8.8.8   (x)



② 100.100.100.20 ~ 100.100.100.40번 대역으로 IP 할당
Client-Linux를 44번으로 할당받도록 설정 (스냅샷 이후 진행)

@Client-Linux

#ifconfig 
Hwaddr 00:0C:29:6E:1B:67 // 맥주소 확인

#setenforce 0
#service iptables stop

#yum install -y dhcp // 패키지 다운로드


#vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf // 주 설정파일 생성 및 편집
--------------------------------------------

subnet 100.100.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  // dhcp서버에 적용할 네트워크(같은 대역)
range 100.100.100.22 100.100.100.40;  // ip address pool ( 임대 범위 )
default-lease-time 10000;  // 기본 임대 시간 ( 초 )
max-lease-time 20000;  // 최대 임대 시간 ( 초 )

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  // 서브넷 마스크 
option broadcast-address 100.100.100.255;  // 브로드 캐스트 주소
option domain-name-servers 168.126.63.1 , 168.126.63.2;  // DNS서버 주소( 1차 , 2차 )
option routers 100.100.100.2;  // 게이트웨이 주소
}

host ClientLinux{
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:6E:1B:67; // MAC주소
    fixed-address 100.100.100.44; // 고정할 IP주소
}


:wq
--------------------------------------------

#service dhcpd start  // 설정파일에 오타가 있을 경우 failed


#chkconfig --list // chkconfig 확인
#chkconfig dhcpd on // 재부팅후에도 서비스 실행
#chkconfig --list // 2345 활성화 확인